Phekolo ea metsi a litšila ea Chitosan

Lits'ebetsong tse tloaelehileng tsa phekolo ea metsi, li-flocculants tse sebelisoang ka ho fetisisa ke letsoai la aluminium le letsoai la tšepe, matsoai a aluminium a setseng metsing a hloekisitsoeng a tla beha bophelo ba batho kotsing, 'me matsoai a tšepe a setseng a tla ama' mala oa metsi, joalo-joalo; ka ho fetisisa Ho hloekisa metsi a litšila, ho thata ho hlōla mathata a bobeli a tšilafalo a kang palo e kholo ea seretse le ho lahla ka thata ha litšila. Ka hona, ho batla sehlahisoa sa tlhaho se sa bakiseng tšilafalo ea bobeli ho tikoloho ho nkela sebaka sa letsoai la aluminium le letsoai la tšepe ke tlhokahalo ea ho kenya ts'ebetsong mekhoa ea tsoelo-pele e tsitsitseng kajeno. Li-polymer flocculants tsa tlhaho li hohetse tlhokomelo e ngata har'a li-flocculants tse ngata ka lebaka la mehloli e mengata ea lihlahisoa tse tala, theko e tlaase, khetho e ntle, litekanyetso tse nyenyane, polokeho le chefo, le ho senyeha ha tlhaho ka ho feletseng. Kamora lilemo tse mashome tsa nts'etsopele, palo e kholo ea li-polymer flocculants tsa tlhaho tse nang le thepa le ts'ebeliso e fapaneng li hlahile, tseo har'a tsona hona joale ho sebelisoang haholo starch, lignin, chitosan le glue ea meroho.

ChitosanThepa

Chitosan ke 'mala o mosoeu oa amorphous, o translucent flaky solid, o ke keng oa qhibiliha ka metsing empa o qhibiliha ka acid, e leng sehlahisoa sa deacetylation sa chitin. Ka kakaretso, chitosan e ka bitsoa chitosan ha sehlopha sa N-acetyl se chitin se tlosoa ho feta 55%. Chitin ke karolo e ka sehloohong ea li-exoskeleton tsa liphoofolo le likokoanyana, 'me ke motsoako oa bobeli o moholo ka ho fetisisa oa tlhaho lefatšeng ka mor'a cellulose. Joaloka flocculant, chitosan ke ea tlhaho, ha e na chefo ebile e senyeha. Ho na le lihlopha tse ngata tsa hydroxyl, lihlopha tsa amino le lihlopha tse ling tsa N-acetylamino tse ajoang holim'a ketane ea macromolecular ea chitosan, e ka etsang cationic polyelectrolyte e nang le tefiso e phahameng ea litharollo tsa asiti, hape e ka theha meaho e kang marang-rang ka li-bond tsa hydrogen kapa ionic. litlamo. Limolek'hule tsa cage, kahoo li kopanya le ho tlosa li-ion tse ngata tse chefo le tse kotsi. Chitosan le lihlahisoa tsa eona li na le mefuta e mengata ea tšebeliso, eseng feela ka masela, khatiso le ho daea, ho etsa pampiri, meriana, lijo, indasteri ea lik'hemik'hale, baeloji le temo le masimo a mang a mangata a na le litekanyetso tse ngata tsa kopo, empa hape le ho hloekisa metsi, ho ka sebelisoa. joalo ka adsorbent, flocculation agents, fungicides, ion exchangers, membrane, joalo-joalo. Chitosan e amohetsoe ke Setsi sa Ts'ireletso ea Tikoloho sa US e le se hloekisang. metsi a nooang ka lebaka la melemo ea ona e ikhethang lits'ebetsong tsa phepelo ea metsi le kalafo ea metsi.

Kopo eaChitosanka Phekolo ea Metsi

(1) Tlosa lintho tse tiileng tse fanyehiloeng ka metsing. Ka metsing a tlhaho, e fetoha tsamaiso e mpe ea colloid ka lebaka la ho ba teng ha libaktheria tsa letsopa, joalo-joalo Joaloka polymer ea nako e telele ea cationic, chitosan e ka bapala mesebetsi e 'meli ea ho se nke lehlakore ha motlakase le coagulation le adsorption le bridging,' me e na le coagulation e matla. phello linthong tse emisitsoeng. Ha e bapisoa le alum ea setso le polyacrylamide joalo ka li-flocculants, chitosan e na le phello e hlakileng haholoanyane. RAVID et al. o ithutile phello ea kalafo ea flocculation ea kabo ea metsi a le mong kaolin ha boleng ba pH ba chitosan e ne e le 5-9, mme ba fumana hore flocculation e anngoe haholo ke boleng ba pH, mme boleng bo sebetsang ba pH ba ho tlosoa ha turbidity e ne e le 7.0-7.5. 1mg / L flocculant, sekhahla sa ho tlosoa ha moferefere se feta 90%, 'me lihlopha tse hlahisoang li mahoashe ebile li potlakile,' me nako eohle ea sedimentation ea flocculation ha e fete 1h; empa ha boleng ba pH bo fokotseha kapa bo eketseha, katleho ea flocculation e fokotseha, e bontšang hore feela Ka mefuta e fokolang haholo ea pH, chitosan e ka etsa polymerization e ntle ka likaroloana tsa kaolin. Liphuputso tse ling li fumane hore ha ho emisoa ha flocculated bentonite ho phekoloa ka chitosan, tekanyo e loketseng ea pH e pharaletseng. Ka hona, ha metsi a pherekano a na le likaroloana tse tšoanang le kaolin, hoa hlokahala ho eketsa palo e loketseng ea bentonite e le coagulant ho ntlafatsa polymerization ea.chitosanholim'a likaroloana. Hamorao, RAVID et al. fumana seo

Haeba ho na le humus ho kaolin kapa titanium dioxide ho fanyeha, ho bonolo ho flocculate le ho e fokotsa ka chitosan, hobane humus e qosoang hampe e khomaretsoe holim'a likaroloana, 'me humus e etsa hore ho be bonolo ho fetola pH ea bohlokoa. Chitosan e ne e ntse e bonts'a thepa e phahameng ea ho flocculation bakeng sa 'mele oa metsi oa tlhaho o nang le turbidity le alkalinity e fapaneng.

(2) Tlosa algae le libaktheria 'meleng oa metsi. Lilemong tsa morao tjena, batho ba bang kantle ho naha ba qalile ho ithuta ka adsorption le flocculation ea chitosan ho lits'ebetso tsa bioloid colloid joalo ka algae le baktheria. Chitosan e na le phello ea ho tlosa algae ea metsi a hloekileng, e leng Spirulina, Oscillator algae, Chlorella le algae e botala bo boputsoa. Liphuputso li bontšitse hore bakeng sa algae ea metsi a hloekileng, ho tlosoa ho molemo ka ho fetisisa ho pH ea 7; bakeng sa algae ea leoatleng, pH e tlase. Tekanyo e nepahetseng ea chitosan e itšetlehile ka bongata ba algae 'meleng oa metsi. Ha algae e phahame, ho hlokahala hore ho eketsoe litekanyetso tse ngata tsa chitosan, 'me keketseho ea litekanyetso tsa chitosan e atisa ho baka ho phalla le ho na pula. Kapele. Turbidity e ka lekanya ho tlosoa ha algae. Ha boleng ba pH e le 7, 5mg/Lchitosane ka tlosa 90% ea moferefere ka metsing, 'me ha algae e le holimo, likaroloana tsa floc li matlafala le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea sedimentation.

Tlhahlobo ea microscopic e bonts'itse hore algae e tlositsoeng ke flocculation le sedimentation e ne e kopantsoe feela le ho khomarela hammoho, 'me e ne e ntse e le boemong bo tsitsitseng le bo sebetsang. Kaha chitosan ha e bake litlamorao tse mpe ho mefuta e ka metsing, metsi a hloekisitsoeng a ntse a ka sebelisoa bakeng sa temo ea metsi a hloekileng, ho fapana le li-flocculants tse ling tsa maiketsetso bakeng sa kalafo ea metsi. Mokhoa oa ho tlosa chitosan ho libaktheria o batla o rarahane. Ka ho ithuta ho phalla ha Escherichia coli le chitosan, ho fumanoa hore mochine o sa leka-lekaneng oa ho koala ke oona o ka sehloohong oa tsamaiso ea flocculation, 'me chitosan e hlahisa litlamo tsa haedrojene holim'a litšila tsa lisele. Phuputso e 'ngoe e bontšitse hore katleho ea chitosan flocculation ea E. coli ha e itšetlehe feela ka tefiso ea dielectric empa hape le tekanyo ea eona ea hydraulic.

(3) Ntša aluminium e setseng 'me u hloekise metsi a nooang. Matsoai a aluminium le li-flocculants tsa polyaluminium li sebelisoa haholo mekhoeng ea phekolo ea metsi a pompo, empa tšebeliso ea li-flocculants tsa letsoai tsa aluminium e ka lebisa ho eketseha ha aluminium ka metsing a nooang. Aluminium e setseng metsing a nooang ke kotsi e tebileng bophelong ba batho. Le hoja chitosan e boetse e na le bothata ba masala a metsi, hobane ke alkaline aminopolysaccharide ea tlhaho e seng chefo, masala a ke ke a baka kotsi 'meleng oa motho,' me a ka tlosoa ts'ebetsong ea phekolo e latelang. Ntle le moo, ts'ebeliso e kopaneng ea chitosan le li-flocculants tsa inorganic joalo ka polyaluminium chloride e ka fokotsa litaba tsa aluminium e setseng. Ka hona, kalafong ea metsi a nooang, chitosan e na le melemo eo li-synthetic organic polymer flocculants li ke keng tsa e nkela sebaka.

Tšebeliso ea Chitosan ka Phekolo ea Metsi a Litšila

(1) Tlosa li-ion tsa tšepe. Ketane ea limolek'hule eachitosan'me lihlahisoa tsa eona li na le palo e kholo ea lihlopha tsa amino le lihlopha tsa hydroxyl, kahoo e na le phello ea chelating ho li-ion tse ngata tsa tšepe,' me e ka khabisoa kapa ea tšoara li-ion tse boima ka tharollo. Catherine A. Eiden le liphuputso tse ling li bontšitse hore matla a adsorption a chitosan ho Pb2 + le Cr3 + (ka unit of chitosan) a fihla ho 0.2 mmol / g le 0.25 mmol / g, ka ho latellana, 'me a na le matla a matla a adsorption. Zhang Ting'an et al. e sebelitseng deacetylated chitosan ho tlosa koporo ka flocculation. Liphello li bontšitse hore ha pH ea bohlokoa e ne e le 8.0 'me bongata ba li-ion tsa koporo ka sampuli ea metsi bo ne bo le tlase ho feta 100 mg / L, tekanyo ea ho tlosa koporo e ne e feta 99%; Boima ba boima ke 400mg/L, mme bongata ba li-ion tsa koporo mokelikeli o setseng o ntse o kopana le maemo a naha a ho qhala metsi a litšila. Teko e 'ngoe e pakile hore ha pH=5.0 le nako ea adsorption e ne e le 2h, sekhahla sa ho tlosoa ha chitosan ho ea ho Ni2+ ho adsorption chemical nickel plating waste liquid se ka fihla ho 72.25%.

(2) Tšoara metsi a litšila ka liprotheine tse ngata tse kang metsi a litšila a lijo. Nakong ea ts'ebetso ea lijo, metsi a litšila a nang le palo e kholo ea lintho tse tiileng tse emisitsoeng a ntšoa. Molek'hule ea chitosan e na le sehlopha sa amide, sehlopha sa amino le sehlopha sa hydroxyl. Ka protonation ea sehlopha sa amino, e bonts'a karolo ea cationic polyelectrolyte, e seng feela e nang le phello ea chelating holim'a litšepe tse boima, empa hape e ka phaphamala ka katleho le ho bapatsa likaroloana tse ntle tse qosoang hampe ka metsing. Chitin le chitosan li ka etsa li-complexes ka hydrogen bonding le liprotheine, li-amino acid, mafura a mafura, joalo-joalo Fang Zhimin et al. sebedisoachitosan, aluminium sulfate, ferric sulfate le polypropylene phthalamide e le li-flocculants ho khutlisa protheine ho tsoa metsing a litšila a sebelisoang ke lijo tsa leoatleng. Sekhahla se phahameng sa ho hlaphoheloa ha protheine le phetisetso ea khanya e litšila e ka fumanoa. Hobane chitosan ka boeona ha e na chefo 'me ha e na tšilafalo ea bobeli, e ka sebelisoa ho sebelisa lintho tse molemo tse kang protheine le starch metsing a litšila a tsoang litsing tse sebetsanang le lijo bakeng sa ho sebetsa le ho sebelisoa hape, joalo ka ho eketsa lijo joaloka lijo tsa liphoofolo.

(3) Phekolo ea ho hatisa le ho daea metsi a litšila. Ho hatisa le ho daea metsi a litšila ho bolela metsi a litšila a tsoang k'hothone, boea, fiber ea lik'hemik'hale le lihlahisoa tse ling tsa masela nakong ea ho lokisa, ho daea, ho hatisa le ho qeta. Hangata e na le letsoai, li-organic surfactants le dae, joalo-joalo, tse nang le likarolo tse rarahaneng, chroma e kholo le COD e phahameng. , le ho ntshetsa pele ka lehlakoreng la anti-oxidation le anti-biodegradation, e leng kotsi haholo bophelong ba batho le tikolohong. Chitosan e na le lihlopha tsa amino le lihlopha tsa hydroxyl, 'me e na le phello e matla ea adsorption lidae, ho kenyelletsa le: adsorption ea' mele, adsorption ea lik'hemik'hale le ion exchange adsorption, haholo-holo ka hydrogen bonding, electrostatic attraction, ion exchange, van der Waals force, hydrophobic interaction, joalo-joalo. phello. Ka nako e ts'oanang, sebopeho sa limolek'hule tsa chitosan se na le palo e kholo ea lihlopha tsa amino tse ka sehloohong, tse etsang "polymer chelating agent" e ntle ka ho fetisisa ka litlamo tsa ho hokahanya, tse ka kopanyang lidae metsing a litšila, 'me ha li na chefo ebile ha li hlahise tšilafalo ea bobeli.

(4) Kopo ea ho ntša metsi a litšila. Hajoale, boholo ba limela tsa likhoerekhoere tsa litoropo li sebelisa cationic Polyacrylamide ho phekola seretse. Boikoetliso bo bontšitse hore moemeli ona o na le phello e ntle ea flocculation 'me e bonolo ho tlosa litšila tsa metsi, empa masala a eona, haholo-holo acrylamide monomer, ke kankere e matla. Ka hona, ke mosebetsi oa bohlokoa haholo ho batla sebaka sa eona. Chitosan ke "sludge conditioner" e ntle, e thusang ho theha libaktheria tsa sludge tse kentsoeng, tse ka kopanyang lintho tse emisitsoeng hampe le lintho tse phelang ka tharollo, 'me tsa ntlafatsa katleho ea kalafo ea ts'ebetso ea seretse. Liphuputso li bontšitse hore polyaluminium chloride / chitosan composite flocculant ha e na phello e totobetseng feela ea boemo ba sludge, empa hape ha e bapisoa le tšebeliso ea PAC e le 'ngoe kapa chitosan, khanyetso e khethehileng ea sludge e qala ho fihla boemong bo tlaase,' me tekanyo ea ho hloekisa e phahame. E potlakile ebile ke conditioner e betere; Ho phaella moo, mefuta e meraro ea carboxymethyl chitosan (N-carboxymethyl chitosan, N, O-carboxymethyl chitosan le O-carboxymethyl chitosan) e sebelisoa e le The flocculant e ile ea lekoa ka ts'ebetso ea ho tlosa metsi a seretse, 'me ho ile ha fumanoa hore lihlopha tse entsoeng li ne li le teng. e matla ebile e se bonolo ho robeha, ho bonts'a hore phello ea flocculant ka ho ntša metsi a litšila e ne e le betere ho feta ea li-flocculants tse tloaelehileng.

Chitosan'me lihlahisoa tsa eona li na le lisebelisoa tse ngata, tsa tlhaho, tse se nang chefo, tse senyehang,' me li na le thepa e sa tšoaneng ka nako e le 'ngoe. Ke lisebelisoa tsa ho hloekisa metsi a matala. Lintho tsa eona tse tala, chitin, ke motsoako oa bobeli o moholo ka ho fetisisa oa tlhaho lefatšeng. Ka hona, lilemong tsa morao tjena, nts'etsopele ea chitosan kalafo ea metsi e na le kholo e hlakileng ea kholo. Joalo ka polima ea tlhaho e fetolang litšila hore e be letlotlo, chitosan e kile ea sebelisoa masimong a mangata, empa ts'ebetso le ts'ebeliso ea lihlahisoa tsa lapeng li ntse li na le lekhalo le itseng ha le bapisoa le linaha tse ling tse tsoetseng pele. Ka ho teba ha lipatlisiso ka chitosan le lihlahisoa tsa eona, haholo-holo chitosan e fetotsoeng e nang le thepa e ntle ea motsoako, e na le boleng bo eketsehileng ba ts'ebeliso. Ho lekola theknoloji ea ts'ebeliso ea chitosan kalafong ea metsi le ho nts'etsapele lihlahisoa tse baballang tikoloho tse tsoang ho chitosan tse nang le mefuta e mengata ea ts'ebeliso e tla ba le boleng bo pharalletseng ba 'maraka le menyetla ea ts'ebeliso.

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