Bongata ba baahi ba naha ea heso bo lula metseng e menyenyane le libakeng tsa mahaeng, ’me ho silafatsoa ha likhoerekhoere tsa mahaeng tikolohong ea metsi ho hohetse tlhokomelo e ntseng e eketseha. Ntle le tekanyo e tlaase ea ho hloekisa likhoerekhoere sebakeng se ka bophirimela, sekhahla sa ho hloekisa likhoerekhoere libakeng tsa mahaeng tsa naha ea heso se eketsehile ka kakaretso. Leha ho le joalo, naha ea heso e na le sebaka se seholo, ’me maemo a tikoloho, mekhoa ea bophelo le maemo a moruo a litoropo le metse e libakeng tse fapaneng a fapana haholo. Joang ho etsa mosebetsi o motle ka decentralized likhoerekhoere kalafo ho ea ka maemo a sebakeng seo, phihlelo ea linaha tse tsoetseng pele ke habohlokoa ho ithuta.
thekenoloji e ka sehloohong ea tsamaiso ea likhoerekhoere ea naha ea heso
Haholo-holo ho na le mefuta e latelang ea mekhoa ea ho hloekisa likhoerekhoere tsa mahaeng naheng ea heso (sheba setšoantšo sa 1): theknoloji ea biofilm, thekenoloji e kentsoeng ea phekolo ea seretse, theknoloji ea phekolo ea tikoloho, theknoloji ea phekolo ea mobu, le theknoloji e kopantsoeng ea phekolo ea likokoana-hloko le ea tikoloho. Tekanyo ea kopo, 'me u be le linyeoe tse atlehileng tsa tsamaiso ea ts'ebetso. Ho latela pono ea sekala sa tlhoekiso ea likhoerekhoere, matla a ho hloekisa metsi ka kakaretso a ka tlase ho lithane tse 500.
1. Melemo le bofokoli ba theknoloji ea ho hloekisa likhoerekhoere tsa mahaeng
Ts'ebetsong ea kalafo ea likhoerekhoere tsa mahaeng, theknoloji e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea ts'ebetso e bonts'a melemo le likotsi tse latelang:
Mokhoa oa sludge o kentsoeng: taolo e feto-fetohang le taolo ea othomathike, empa litšenyehelo tse tloaelehileng tsa ntlo ka 'ngoe li phahame, 'me ho hlokahala basebetsi ba khethehileng bakeng sa ts'ebetso le tlhokomelo.
Theknoloji e hahiloeng ea mekhoabo: litšenyehelo tse tlase tsa kaho, empa sekhahla se tlase sa ho tlosoa le ts'ebetso le taolo e sa thabiseng.
Phekolo ea mobu: kaho, ts'ebetso le tlhokomelo li bonolo, 'me litšenyehelo li tlase, empa li ka silafatsa metsi a ka tlas'a lefatše' me tsa hloka ts'ebetso ea nako e telele le taolo ea tlhokomelo.
Biological Turntable + bethe ea semela: e loketse sebaka se ka boroa, empa ho thata ho sebetsa le ho e hlokomela.
Setsi sa phekolo ea likhoerekhoere tse nyenyane: haufi le mokhoa oa phekolo ea likhoerekhoere tsa malapeng a litoropong. Molemo ke hore boleng ba metsi a litšila bo botle, 'me bobe ke hore ha bo khone ho khotsofatsa litlhoko tsa likhoerekhoere tsa temo ea mahaeng.
Le hoja libaka tse ling li khothalletsa theknoloji ea ho hloekisa likhoerekhoere tsa mahaeng "tse sa sebeliseng matla", theknoloji ea "powered" ea ho hloekisa likhoerekhoere e ntse e ikarabella bakeng sa karolo e kholo. Hona joale, libakeng tse ngata tsa mahaeng, masimo a abeloa malapa, ’me ho na le masimo a fokolang a sechaba, ’me sekhahla sa tšebeliso ea mobu libakeng tse tsoetseng pele moruong se tlaase haholo. Lisebelisoa tsa mobu tse phahameng, tse fokolang tse fumanehang bakeng sa ho hloekisa likhoerekhoere. Ka hona, theknoloji ea "matla" ea ho hloekisa likhoerekhoere e na le tebello e ntle ea ts'ebeliso libakeng tse nang le tšebeliso e fokolang ea mobu, moruo o tsoetseng pele le litlhoko tse phahameng tsa boleng ba metsi. Theknoloji ea ho hloekisa likhoerekhoere e bolokang matla le ho fokotsa ts'ebeliso e fetohile mokhoa oa nts'etsopele ea thekenoloji ea tsamaiso ea likhoerekhoere ea malapeng metseng le litoropong.
2. Mokhoa oa motsoako oa theknoloji ea ho hloekisa likhoerekhoere tsa mahaeng
Motsoako oa theknoloji ea likhoerekhoere tsa mahaeng oa naha ea heso o na le mekhoa e meraro e latelang:
Mokhoa oa pele ke MBR kapa oxidation ea khokahanyo kapa ts'ebetso ea sludge e kentsoeng. Likhoerekhoere li qala ka ho kena ka tankeng ea septic, ebe li kena setsing sa phekolo ea likokoana-hloko, 'me qetellong li tšollela metsing a pota-potileng hore li sebelisoe hape. Tšebeliso ea likhoerekhoere tsa mahaeng e atile haholo.
Mokhoa oa bobeli ke mokhoabo oa anaerobic + oa maiketsetso kapa letamo la anaerobic + kapa mobu oa anaerobic +, ke hore, yuniti ea anaerobic e sebelisoa ka mor'a tanka ea septic, 'me ka mor'a phekolo ea tikoloho, e ntšoa tikolohong kapa e kena ts'ebetsong ea temo.
Mokhoa oa boraro ke seretse se entsoeng ka seretse + se nang le metsi a maiketsetso, seretse se kentsoeng + letamo, ho kopana le oxidation + mobu oa maiketsetso, kapa ho kopana le oxidation + mobu, ke hore, lisebelisoa tsa aerobic le aeration li sebelisoa ka mor'a tanka ea septic, 'me ho eketsoa setsi sa phekolo ea tikoloho. ho tlosoa ha naetrojene le phosphorus.
Lits'ebetsong tse sebetsang, mokhoa oa pele o ikarabella bakeng sa karolo e kholo ka ho fetisisa, e fihlang ho 61%).
Har'a mekhoa e meraro e ka holimo, MBR e na le phello e ntle ea phekolo 'me e loketse libaka tse ling tse nang le litlhoko tse phahameng tsa boleng ba metsi, empa litšenyehelo tsa ho sebetsa li batla li phahame. Litšenyehelo tsa ts'ebetso le litšenyehelo tsa kaho tsa mokhoabo o hahiloeng le thekenoloji ea anaerobic li tlase haholo, empa ha ho nahanoa ka botlalo, hoa hlokahala ho eketsa ts'ebetso ea moea ho fihlela phello e nepahetseng haholoanyane ea metsi a litšila.
Theknoloji ea tsamaiso ea likhoerekhoere e sebelisoang linaheng tse ling
1. United States
Mabapi le tsamaiso ea tsamaiso le litlhoko tsa tekheniki, phekolo ea likhoerekhoere e arolelanoang United States e sebetsa tlas'a moralo o batlang o feletse. Hajoale, tsamaiso ea likhoerekhoere e arolelanoeng ka thoko United States haholo-holo e na le mahlale a latelang:
tanka ea septic. Litanka tsa Septic le phekolo ea mobu ke mekhoa e tloaelehileng e sebelisoang linaheng tse ling. Ho ea ka boitsebiso ba lipatlisiso tsa Jeremane, hoo e ka bang 32% ea likhoerekhoere e loketse phekolo ea mobu, eo 10-20% e sa tšoaneleheng. Lebaka la ho hlōleha e ka 'na ea e-ba hore tsamaiso e silafatsa metsi a ka tlas'a lefatše, joalo ka: nako ea tšebeliso e feteletseng; boima bo feteletseng ba hydraulic; mathata a moralo le ho kenya; mathata a tsamaiso ea ts'ebetso, joalo-joalo.
sefefo sa lehlabathe. Ho hloekisa lehlabathe ke theknoloji e sebelisoang haholo ea ho hloekisa likhoerekhoere United States, e ka finyellang phello e ntle ea ho tlosa.
Phekolo ea Aerobic. Kalafo ea Aerobic e sebelisoa libakeng tse ngata United States, 'me tekanyo ea phekolo ka kakaretso ke 1.5-5.7t/d, ho sebelisoa mokhoa oa biological turntable kapa mokhoa oa sludge o kentsoeng. Lilemong tsa morao tjena, United States e boetse e kentse bohlokoa bo boholo ho ts'ebetsong e sebetsang ea naetrojene le phosphorus. Boholo ba naetrojene United States e fumanoa metsing a litšila. Ho bohlokoa ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tse latelang tsa ts'ebetso ka ho arohana kapele.
Ho phaella moo, ho na le ho thibela likokoana-hloko, ho tlosoa ha limatlafatsi, karohano ea mohloli, le ho tlosoa ha N le P le ho hlaphoheloa.
2. Japane
Theknoloji ea Japane ea ho hloekisa likhoerekhoere e tsebahala haholo ka mokhoa oa eona oa ho hloekisa litanka tsa metsi. Mehloli ea likhoerekhoere tsa malapeng Japane e batla e fapane le ea naheng ea heso. Haholo-holo e bokelloa ho ea ka lihlopha tsa metsi a litšila a hlatsoang liaparo le metsi a litšila a kichineng.
Litanka tsa Septic Japane li kenngoa libakeng tse sa lokelang ho bokella marang-rang a liphaephe le moo palo ea baahi e batlang e le tlaase. Litanka tsa Septic li etselitsoe batho le liparamente tse fapaneng. Le hoja litanka tsa septic tsa hona joale li ntse li nkeloa sebaka ho tloha molokong o mong ho ea ho o mong, li ntse li laoloa ke lisinki. Ka mor'a mochine oa AO, anaerobic, deoxidizing, aerobic, sedimentation, disinfection le mekhoa e meng, ho lokela ho boleloa hore tanka ea A septic e sebetsa ka tloaelo. Tšebeliso e batlang e atlehile ea litanka tsa septic Japane ha se taba ea botekgeniki feela, empa ke sistimi e batlang e felletseng ea taolo tlasa moralo o felletseng oa molao, ho theha nyeoe e batlang e atlehile. Hona joale, ho na le linyeoe tsa tšebeliso ea litanka tsa septic naheng ea rona, 'me ho lokela ho boleloa hore ho boetse ho na le limmaraka Asia Boroa-bochabela. Linaha tse kang Asia Boroa-bochabela, Indonesia, le Philippines le tsona li angoa ke leano la Japane la tsamaiso ea likhoerekhoere. Malaysia le Indonesia li iketselitse lintlha tsa bona tsa tekheniki tsa lehae le litataiso bakeng sa litanka tsa metsi, empa ha e le hantle lintlha tsena le litataiso li kanna tsa se tšoanele maemo a bona a hajoale a nts'etsopele ea moruo.
3. European Union
Haele hantle, ho na le linaha tse tsoetseng pele moruong le thekenoloji ka hare ho EU, hammoho le libaka tse ling tse saletseng morao moruong le thekenoloji. Mabapi le tsoelo-pele ea moruo, li tšoana le maemo a naha ea Chaena. Ka mor'a ho finyella katleho ea moruo, EU e boetse e sebetsa ka thata ho ntlafatsa phekolo ea likhoerekhoere, 'me ka 2005 e ile ea fetisa litekanyetso tsa EU EN12566-3 bakeng sa phekolo e nyenyane ea likhoerekhoere tse arolelanoang. Tekanyetso ena e lokela ho boleloa e le mokhoa oa ho ikamahanya le maemo a lehae, maemo a sebaka, joalo-joalo, ho khetha mahlale a fapaneng a kalafo, haholoholo ho kenyelletsa litanka tsa septic le kalafo ea mobu. Har'a letoto le leng la litekanyetso, lits'ebeletso tse felletseng, litsi tse nyane tsa ho hloekisa likhoerekhoere le litsamaiso tsa ho lokisa esale pele li kenyelelitsoe.
4. India
Ka mor’a ho tsebisa ka bokhutšoanyane linyeoe tsa linaha tse ’maloa tse tsoetseng pele, e-re ke tsebise boemo ba linaha tse hōlang moruong tsa Asia Boroa-bochabela tse batlang li le haufi le libaka tsa naha ea heso tse sa tsoelang pele moruong. Likhoerekhoere tsa ka tlung India haholo-holo li tsoa metsing a litšila a kichineng. Mabapi le kalafo ea likhoerekhoere, theknoloji ea tanka ea septic hajoale e sebelisoa haholo Asia Boroa-bochabela. Empa bothata bo akaretsang bo tšoana le ba naha ea rona, ke hore, mefuta eohle ea tšilafalo ea metsi e hlakile haholo. Ka tšehetso ea 'Muso oa India, liketso le mananeo a ho phahamisa litanka tsa septic ka katleho li ntse li tsoela pele, ka litlhaloso tsa phekolo ea tanka ea septic le theknoloji ea ho kopana le oxidation.
5. Indonesia
Indonesia e sebakeng sa tropike. Le hoja tsoelo-pele ea moruo oa mahaeng e batla e le morao, likhoerekhoere tsa lehae tsa baahi ba sebaka seo haholo-holo li tšeloa linōkeng. Ka hona, maemo a bophelo ba mahaeng a Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam le linaheng tse ling ha a na tšepo. Tšebeliso ea litanka tsa septic Indonesia e etsa karolo ea 50%, 'me ba boetse ba thehile maano a bohlokoa ho khothaletsa litloaelo le litekanyetso tsa tšebeliso ea litanka tsa metsi Indonesia.
Boiphihlelo bo tsoetseng pele ba kantle ho naha
Ho akaretsa ka bokhuts'oane, linaha tse tsoetseng pele li na le boiphihlelo bo bongata bo tsoetseng pele boo naha ea heso e ka ithutang ho bona: tsamaiso ea maemo linaheng tse tsoetseng pele e phethehile haholo ebile e le maemong, 'me ho na le tsamaiso e sebetsang hantle ea ts'ebetso, ho kenyeletsoa koetliso ea litsebi le thuto ea sechaba. , ha melao-motheo ea ho hloekisa likhoerekhoere linaheng tse tsoetseng pele e hlakile haholo.
Haholo-holo kenyeletsa: (1) Hlakisa boikarabelo ba ho hloekisa likhoerekhoere, 'me ka nako e tšoanang, mmuso o tšehetsa decentralized phekolo ea likhoerekhoere ka lichelete le maano; theha litekanyetso tse tsamaellanang tsa ho laola le ho tataisa phepelo ea likhoerekhoere e arolelitsoeng; (2) theha tsamaiso e nepahetseng, e leka-lekaneng, le e sebetsang hantle ea tsamaiso le tsamaiso ea indasteri ho netefatsa nts'etsopele e sebetsang le ts'ebetso ea nako e telele ea ho hloekisa likhoerekhoere; (3) Ntlafatsa sekala, boiketlo ba sechaba, le boitsebahatso ba kaho le ts'ebetso ea lits'ebeletso tsa likhoerekhoere tse arotsoeng ho netefatsa melemo, ho fokotsa litšenyehelo, le ho tsamaisa tlhokomelo; (4) Specialization (5) phatlalatso le thuto le merero ea ho kenya letsoho ha baahi, joalo-joalo.
Ts'ebetsong ea ts'ebeliso e sebetsang, boiphihlelo bo atlehileng le lithuto tsa ho hloleha li akaretsoa ho elelloa nts'etsopele ea moshoelella ea thekenoloji ea naha ea heso ea ho hloekisa likhoerekhoere.
Cr.antop
Nako ea poso: Apr-13-2023