1. Li-flocculants, li-coagulants le li-conditioner ke eng?
Liakhente tsena li ka aroloa ka mekhahlelo e latelang ho latela ts'ebeliso e fapaneng ea kalafo ea filthara ea sludge press:
Flocculant: ka linako tse ling e bitsoa coagulant, e ka sebelisoa e le mokhoa oa ho matlafatsa karohano ea metsi a tiileng, e sebelisoang ka tanka ea sedimentation ea mantlha, tanka ea sedimentation ea bobeli, tanka ea flotation le kalafo ea thuto e phahameng kapa ts'ebetso e tsoetseng pele ea kalafo.
Thuso ea ho kopanya: Li-flocculants tse thusang li bapala karolo ea ho ntlafatsa phello ea coagulation.
Conditioner: E boetse e tsejoa e le dewatering agent, e sebelisetsoa ho lokisa seretse se setseng pele se ntša metsi, 'me mefuta ea eona e kenyelletsa tse ling tsa li-flocculants tse boletsoeng ka holimo le li-coagulants.
2. Flocculant
Li-flocculants ke sehlopha sa lintho tse ka fokotsang kapa tsa felisa botsitso ba lipula le botsitso ba polymerization ea likaroloana tse qhalakaneng ka metsing, 'me li etsa hore likaroloana tse qhalakaneng li kopane le ho phalla ka har'a lihlopha bakeng sa ho tlosoa.
Ho latela sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale, li-flocculants li ka aroloa ka li-flocculants tsa inorganic le li-organic flocculants.
Li-flocculants tse sa tloaelehang
Li-flocculants tse tloaelehileng tsa tlhaho ke matsoai a aluminium a limolek'hule a tlaase le letsoai la tšepe. Matsoai a aluminium haholo-holo a kenyelletsa aluminium sulfate (AL2(SO4)3∙18H2O), alum (AL2(SO4)3∙K2SO4∙24H2O), aluminate sodium (NaALO3), matsoai a tšepe haholo-holo a kenyelletsa ferric chloride (FeCL3∙6H20), ferrous sulfate FeSO4∙6H20) le ferric sulfate (Fe2(SO4)3∙2H20).
Ka kakaretso, li-flocculants tsa inorganic li na le litšobotsi tsa ho fumaneha habonolo ha lisebelisoa tse tala, ho itokisa habonolo, theko e tlaase, le phello e itekanetseng ea phekolo, kahoo li sebelisoa haholo ho hloekisa metsi.
Inorganic polymer flocculant
Li-polymers tse thehiloeng ho hydroxyl le oksijene tsa Al (III) le Fe (III) li tla kopanngoa hape hore e be li-aggregates, tse tla bolokoa ka tharollo ea metsi tlas'a maemo a itseng, 'me boholo ba tsona bo tla ba boemong ba nanometer. Sephetho sa tekanyo e phahameng.
Ha ho bapisoa karabelo ea bona le litekanyetso tsa polymerization, karabelo ea polymer ea aluminium e bobebe 'me sebopeho se tsitsitse haholoanyane, ha polymer ea hydrolyzed ea tšepe e arabela ka potlako le habonolo e lahleheloa ke botsitso le ho putlama.
Melemo ea li-inorganic polymer flocculants e bonahala ka hore e sebetsa hantle ho feta li-flocculants tsa setso tse kang aluminium sulfate le ferric chloride, 'me e theko e tlaase ho feta organic polymer flocculants. Hona joale Polyaluminium chloride e sebelisitsoe ka katleho lits'ebetsong tse fapaneng tsa kalafo ea phepelo ea metsi, metsi a litšila a liindasteri le likhoerekhoere tsa litoropo, ho kenyeletsoa pele ho kalafo, kalafo ea lipakeng le kalafo e tsoetseng pele, 'me butle-butle e se e le flocculant e tloaelehileng. Leha ho le joalo, ho ea ka morphology, tekanyo ea polymerization le phello e tsamaisanang le coagulation-flocculation, inorganic polymer flocculants ba ntse ba le boemong pakeng tsa setso tšepe flocculants letsoai le organic polymer flocculants.
Polyaluminium chloride, pac,msds policloruro de aluminio,cas no 1327 41 9,policloruro de aluminio,pac chemical bakeng sa ho hloekisa metsi,poly aluminium chloride,eo ho thoeng ke PAC, e na le foromo ea lik'hemik'hale ALn(OH)mCL3n-m. PAC ke li-electrolyte tse ngata tse ka fokotsang haholo tefiso ea colloidal ea litšila tse kang letsopa (litefiso tse ngata tse mpe) metsing. Ka lebaka la boima bo boholo ba limolek'hule le matla a matla a adsorption, li-floc tse entsoeng li kholoanyane, 'me ts'ebetso ea flocculation le sedimentation e molemo ho feta li-flocculants tse ling.
poly aluminium chloride e na le tekanyo e phahameng ea polymerization, 'me ho tsosoa ka potlako ka mor'a ho eketsa ho ka khutsufatsa haholo nako ea ho thehoa ha floc. poly aluminium chloride PAC ha e amehe haholo ke mocheso oa metsi, 'me e sebetsa hantle ha mocheso oa metsi o le tlase. E fokotsa boleng ba pH ba metsi ka tlase, 'me pH e sebetsang e pharaletseng (e ka sebelisoa ka mefuta e fapaneng ea pH = 5 ~ 9), kahoo ha ho hlokahale ho eketsa moemeli oa alkaline. Tekanyetso ea PAC e nyane, seretse se hlahisoang le sona se nyane, 'me ts'ebeliso, taolo le ts'ebetso e bonolo, hape ha e senyehe haholo le lisebelisoa le lipeipi. Ka hona, PAC e na le tšekamelo ea ho nka sebaka sa aluminium sulfate butle-butle tšimong ea phekolo ea metsi, 'me bothata ba eona ke hore theko e phahame ho feta ea flocculants ea setso.
Ho feta moo, ho ea ka pono ea k'hemistri ea tharollo,PAC poly aluminium chlorideke sehlahisoa sa mahareng sa kinetic sa hydrolysis-polymerization-precipitation reaction process ea letsoai la aluminium, le sa tsitsang ka thermodynamically. Ka kakaretso, lihlahisoa tsa PAC tsa metsi li lokela ho sebelisoa ka nako e khuts'oane (lihlahisoa tse tiileng li na le ts'ebetso e tsitsitseng). , e ka bolokoa nako e telele). Ho eketsa matsoai a mang a sa tloaelehang (joaloka CaCl2, MnCl2, joalo-joalo) kapa li-macromolecules (tse kang polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, joalo-joalo) li ka ntlafatsa botsitso ba PAC, 'me li ka eketsa bokhoni ba ho kopanya.
Mabapi le ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso, anion e le 'ngoe kapa tse' maloa tse fapaneng (joalo ka SO42-, PO43-, joalo-joalo) li hlahisoa ts'ebetsong ea tlhahiso ea PAC, 'me sebopeho sa polymer le kabo ea morphological li ka fetoloa ho isa tekanyong e itseng ka polymerization, ka hona. ho ntlafatsa botsitso le katleho ea PAC; haeba likarolo tse ling tsa cationic, tse kang Fe3 +, li hlahisoa ts'ebetsong ea tlhahiso ea PAC ho etsa Al3 + le Fe3 + staggered hydrolytically polymerized, composite flocculant polyaluminium iron e ka fumanoa.
Organic polymer flocculant
Li-synthetic organic polymer flocculants hangata ke lintho tsa polypropylene le polyethylene, joalo ka polyacrylamide le polyethyleneimine. Li-flocculants tsena kaofela ke li-macromolecule tsa mela e qhibilihang ka metsing, macromolecule e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e na le likarolo tse ngata tse pheta-phetoang tse nang le lihlopha tse qosoang, kahoo li boetse li bitsoa polyelectrolyte. Tse nang le lihlopha tse nang le qoso e ntle ke cationic polyelectrolyte, 'me tse nang le lihlopha tse nang le qoso e mpe ke li-anionic polyelectrolyte, tse se nang lihlopha tse ntle kapa tse nang le qoso e mpe,' me li bitsoa nonionic polyelectrolytes.
Hona joale, li-polymer flocculants tse sebelisoang ka ho fetisisa ke li-anionic, 'me li ka phetha karolo feela ho thusa ho kopanya litšila tsa colloidal tse mpe ka metsing. Hangata e ke ke ea sebelisoa e le mong, empa e sebelisoa hammoho le letsoai la aluminium le letsoai la tšepe. Li-Cationic flocculants li ka bapala karolo ea ho kopanya le ho phalla ka nako e le 'ngoe' me li sebelisoa li le mong, kahoo li tsoetse pele ka potlako.
Hona joale, polyacrylamide non-ionic polymers e sebelisoa khafetsa naheng ea heso, e atisang ho sebelisoa hammoho le letsoai la tšepe le aluminium. Matla a motlakase a ho se nke lehlakore a tšepe le letsoai la aluminium holim'a likaroloana tsa colloidal le mosebetsi o babatsehang oa ho phalla ha li-polymer flocculants li sebelisetsoa ho fumana liphello tse khotsofatsang tsa phekolo. Polyacrylamide e na le litšoaneleho tsa tekanyo e fokolang, lebelo la ho kopanya ka potlako, le lihlopha tse kholo le tse thata tse sebelisoang. 80% ea li-synthetic organic polymer flocculants tse hlahisoang hona joale naheng ea heso ke sehlahisoa sena.
Polyacrylamide PAM,polyelectrolyte e sebelisa,polyelectrolyte cationic powder,cationic polyelectrolyte,cationic polymer,cationic polyacrylamide ke ho fetisisa ho pharaletseng sebelisoa a maiketsetso a organic polymer flocculant, polyelectrolyte,'me ka linako tse ling e sebelisoa e le coagulant. Tlhahiso ea lihlahisoa tse tala ea polyacrylamide ke polyacrylonitrile CH2=CHCN. Tlas'a maemo a itseng, acrylonitrile e entsoe ka hydrolyzed ho etsa acrylamide, 'me acrylamide e ka ba tlas'a ho fanyeha polymerization ho fumana polyacrylamide. Polyacrylamide ke resin e qhibilihang ka metsing, 'me lihlahisoa li na le tharollo e tiileng ea granular le viscous aqueous e nang le mahloriso a itseng.
Mofuta oa 'nete o teng oa polyacrylamide ka metsing ke coil e sa reroang. Hobane khoele e sa reroang e na le boholo bo itseng ba likaroloana le lihlopha tse ling tsa amide holim'a eona, e ka bapala borokho bo lumellanang le bokhoni ba ho bapatsa, ke hore, e na le boholo bo itseng. bokgoni bo itseng ba flocculation.
Leha ho le joalo, hobane ketane e telele ea polyacrylamide e kobehile ka har'a khoele, sebaka sa eona sa borokho se nyane. Ka mor'a hore lihlopha tse peli tsa amide li hokahane, li lekana le ho hlakoloa ha tšebelisano le ho lahleheloa ke libaka tse peli tsa adsorption. Ho phaella moo, lihlopha tse ling tsa li-amide li phuthetsoe ka mohaho oa li-coil Ka hare ho eona ha e khone ho ikopanya le ho bapatsa likaroloana tse sa hloekang ka metsing, kahoo matla a eona a adsorption a ke ke a sebelisoa ka botlalo.
E le ho arola lihlopha tsa amide tse hokahaneng hape le ho pepesa lihlopha tse patiloeng tsa amide ka ntle, batho ba leka ho atolosa coil e sa tloaelehang ka mokhoa o nepahetseng, esita le ho leka ho eketsa lihlopha tse ling ka li-cations kapa anions ho ketane e telele ea molek'hule , ha ba ntse ba ntlafatsa adsorption le bokhoni ba ho koala le phello ea ho se nke lehlakore ha motlakase le khatello ea lera la motlakase habeli. Ka tsela ena, letoto la li-flocculants tsa polyacrylamide kapa li-coagulants tse nang le thepa e fapaneng li nkiloe motheong oa PAM.
Phekolo ea coagulation ea metsi a litšila, ka linako tse ling flocculant e le 'ngoe e ke ke ea fihlela phello e ntle ea coagulation,' me hangata hoa hlokahala ho eketsa lisebelisoa tse ling ho ntlafatsa phello ea coagulation. Motlatsi ona o bitsoa coagulation aid. Li-coagulants tse sebelisoang ka tloaelo ke chlorine, lime, activated silicic acid, bone glue le sodium alginate, activated carbon le letsopa le fapaneng.
Li-coagulants tse ling ka botsona ha li na karolo ea ho kopanya, empa ka ho lokisa le ho ntlafatsa maemo a coagulation, li bapala karolo ea ho thusa li-flocculants ho hlahisa litlamorao tsa coagulation. Li-coagulants tse ling li kenya letsoho ho thehoeng ha lihlopha, ho ntlafatsa sebopeho sa lihlopha, 'me li ka etsa hore lihlopha tse ntle le tse hlephileng tse hlahisoang ke li-inorganic flocculants li be lihlopha tse mahoashe le tse thata.
4. Conditioner
Li-conditioner, tse tsejoang hape e le li-dehydrating agents, li ka aroloa ka mekhahlelo e 'meli: li-inorganic conditioners le organic conditioners. Li-conditioner ka kakaretso li loketse ho hloekisa le ho hloekisa poleiti le foreimi ea seretse, ha li-conditioner tsa organic li loketse ho tlosa metsi a centrifugal le ho tlosa metsi a litšila ka lebanta.
5.kamano pakeng tsali-flocculants, li-coagulants le li-conditioner
The dehydrating agent ke moemeli ea ekelitsoeng pele sludge e felloa ke metsi, ke hore, moemeli oa boemo ba sludge, kahoo moelelo oa moemeli oa dehydrating le moemeli oa boemo bo tšoana. Tekanyetso ea ntho e ntšang metsi kapa e hloekisang metsi hangata e baloa e le peresente ea boima ba lintho tse tiileng tsa seretse.
Li-flocculants li sebelisetsoa ho tlosa lintho tse tiileng tse emisitsoeng ka har'a likhoerekhoere 'me ke lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa tšimong ea ho hloekisa metsi. Tekanyo ea flocculant hangata e hlalosoa ke chelete e kentsoeng ka bongata ba metsi a lokelang ho hloekisoa.
Tekanyo ea dehydrating agent (conditioning agent), flocculant, le coagulation aid e ka bitsoa tekanyo. Sehlahisoa se tšoanang se ka sebelisoa e le flocculant ha ho phekoloa likhoerekhoere, 'me se ka sebelisoa e le sekontiri kapa se hloekisang metsi ha ho phekoloa litšila tse feteletseng.
Li-coagulants li bitsoa li-coagulants ha li sebelisoa e le li-flocculants tšimong ea phekolo ea metsi. Li-coagulants tse tšoanang ka kakaretso ha li bitsoe li-coagulants ha ho phekoloa litšila tse feteletseng, empa ka kakaretso li bitsoa li-conditioner kapa li-dehydrating agents.
Ha u sebelisa aflocculant, kaha palo ea lintho tse tiileng tse emisitsoeng ka metsing e lekanyelitsoe, e le ho finyella ho kopana ka ho feletseng pakeng tsa flocculant le likaroloana tse emisitsoeng, lisebelisoa tsa ho kopanya le ho itšoara li hloka ho hlomelloa ka nako e lekaneng. Mohlala, ho kopanya ho nka metsotsoana e mashome ho isa metsotsong e 'maloa, Karabelo e hloka metsotso e 15 ho isa ho e 30. Ha seretse se felloa ke metsi, hangata se nka metsotsoana e mashome a seng makae feela ho tloha ha sekontiri se eketsoa ho seretse se kenang mochining oa dewatering, ke hore, ke ts'ebetso ea ho kopanya feela e lekanang le flocculant, 'me ha ho nako ea karabelo, mme boiphihlelo bo na le. e boetse e bontšitse hore phello ea boemo bo tla eketseha ka ho lula. fokotsehile ka nako.
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Nako ea poso: Jul-09-2022